How To Do Your Financial Planning?

Good financial planning is based on goals. That's why it's very important to keep our biggest goals in mind. What do you want to achieve a month from now? And what do you want to achieve 5 years from now?

Whatever your goal, we can imagine that it goes through having financial stability. From a detailed planning you can multiply the possibilities of achieving your goals.

If you are looking for financial stability and want to start planning your expenses. Read until the end and find out how to do it in the best way possible. We separate some easy tips to apply. That way you can start as soon as possible. Come on?

Keep your main objective in mind

You need to focus on what you will get through planning. Always having in mind what you want to achieve will enhance your actions. This is a way to motivate yourself. Imagine how good it will be when you achieve your dreams. Have the life you've always dreamed of. The sooner you start, the faster you'll get there.

It is very common to have multiple goals. At this stage, you can even list them in order of priority. Ask yourself “how much is this dream worth?” In front of each of these goals, put the value of each one. That way it will be very easy to know how much you need to have to do them.

Set a deadline to reach them

This part is very important for you to have an expectation of when your dream will come true. As far away as it may seem, setting a deadline will make it more achievable. Once you've defined your goals and set a deadline, commit. It is impossible to get anywhere without commitment.

Take the time to review your finances

If you have a habit of traveling, you've already spent a lot of time planning your trip. That's because you imagine what every detail of it will be like. Why can't your financial life be the same way?

If you take the time to plan your financial life, your relationship with money will improve. You will make much more conscious decisions. And just like a trip, you will have a perfect itinerary to put into practice in your financial life.

Avoid spending more than you earn

Ever notice how bad it feels to get your paycheck knowing that it's fully committed?

If you suffer from this feeling every month, it's time for you to change your attitude. After all, there is no way to get different results by doing the same things.

This reasoning may seem simple and obvious, but most people make this mistake. According to a survey by ANBIMA, only 33% of Brazilians saved money last year.

It turns out that when this practice becomes a habit, debts snowball. The person ends up entering the overdraft. Use your credit card as if it were an income. It ends up forgetting that the bill always comes.

 

Instead of maintaining a habit of spending more than you earn, try to develop a habit of saving. Beginning may seem difficult, it may even seem impossible. But with willpower little by little you can transform this habit.

According to psychologist Jeremy Dean, author of the book “Why We Do What We Do”, it takes 66 days to create a new habit. So, if you're not in the habit of saving, force yourself to do so for a while. Soon this habit will flow naturally.

One strategy you can apply to avoid unnecessary spending is to pay yourself first. Set aside a part of your salary either 10%, 15% or even 30% to invest.

A good tip is to program your account to reserve this money automatically. Face it as if it were another essential debt. However, a debt that will improve your life in the future.

Create your financial mattress

We've already talked a lot about financial reserve, or financial mattress around here. Financial mattress is nothing more than an accumulated money that can cover your expenses for a period. If you lose your source of income, you do not need to take out a loan.

You can start working with enough money for 6 months. Take a survey on your monthly cost of living. If you live on BRL 5,000, multiply that amount by 6. In other words, you need to add BRL 30,000 to cover six months. When you reach that amount of BRL 30,000, we recommend that you double it to 12 months. That is $60,000. So you can have peace of mind for up to a year.

Make a personal budget

About 36% of Brazilians do not know what they spend, according to a survey commissioned by the SPC. A lot of people think they know how much they spend. But it only becomes aware of this after registering all input and output. Personal budget can give a guideline of your financial situation. It will even take a snapshot of your current consumption habits.

Turns out, you might know exactly what to cut next month. If you see that you went to the cinema three times this month, for example. Next month you can go only one or not go at all. If you've seen that you spend a lot in restaurants, you might want to try making your meals at home. Knowing where the money is going, you have more autonomy to change your strategy.

In the face of this survey, ask yourself: “Is it possible to save a little more?”

Invest your money according to your goals

Once you've determined your goals and established your deadlines, it's time to invest. however you need to be aware of the types of investment related to each objective.

Goals of up to one year, invest in post-fixed fixed income products.

Goals with a term between 2 and five years, invest in fixed income securities. You can include inflation-linked and fixed-rate bonds.

For larger plans longer than 5 years, you may be building a diversified portfolio. This portfolio may contain government bonds, shares, debentures, real estate funds, among others.

When do you need to have financial independence?

Financial independence is being able to live only with the passive income generated by your investments. What monthly income would be interesting for you to have a comfortable life?

You guessed it, now take that value and multiply it by 100. Multiplied? Now divide that amount by 0.3%.

After setting this you will know how much you need to have accumulated to have this income every month.

Revaluate your planning

Changes happen, that's why it's time to review your plan from time to time. Ideally, it should be reviewed at least once a year. But you can set shorter deadlines for even more control.

There are a number of actions you can take along your journey to wealth. But first you need to start somewhere. Start as soon as possible. The life you've always dreamed of awaits. It's up to you to start this walk.

You Can contact to John Labunski for Safe Investment, Investment Finder Investment Advice and Safe Retirement plan.

Debentures: What Are They and How to Invest?

Here at financial coaching, we talk a lot about debentures as an alternative to investing in fixed income. But what are debentures?

If you want to know what debentures are, read to the end and discover not only that but how everything works and how to invest.

What are debentures?

In fixed income investments, you take your money and borrow it from some other agency waiting for the interest. You can lend your money to the government as with Treasury Direct. You can also lend your money to the bank like CDB, LCI and LCA. In other words, lend your money and receive interest as a reward.

Investing in debentures is nothing more than lending your money to a private company. It is an investment model where you lend your money to companies and get your capital back plus interest.

You may ask yourself: why would the company take money from you and not from the bank?

Because in this way, the company manages to have control over the form of payment and interest. It can reconcile the flow of payment to the investor with the maturation of your project. So, in terms of cash flow, funding via debentures is more viable than a bank.

Nominal Debentures

This modality is scarce in Brazil, it refers to debentures that are issued by the company itself and it is itself responsible for the issues and transfers. 

Debentures Booked

In this modality, the entire process is intermediated by an investment platform or stockbroker. This intermediation must be registered by B3.

Profitability of a debenture

Compared to other types of fixed income investments, the debenture has a certain advantage in profitability. However, this profitability advantage is associated with the risk of the modality. Was it difficult to understand? To make it easier, let's make a comparison.

When you invest in Treasury Direct, you have more security because this investment is guaranteed by the Government. When it comes to a company, the stakes are higher. So, to be more attractive to investors, debentures offer better interest. And consequently, the profitability is a little higher.

Debentures have a maturity date, sometimes it is possible to know how much the profitability will be before contracting.

Pre-fixed profitability: you already know how much the income will be even before hiring.

Post-fixed profitability: this modality is linked to an index. It can be indexed to the CDI, or also to the Selic rate. In this case, despite being fixed, the contractor only knows the profitability at maturity.

Hybrid profitability: this modality guarantees part of the profitability and another part is indexed to some index such as the IPCA, for example.

 

Incentive debentures

There are some products in this segment that are encouraged. They are exempt from income tax. So, in addition to the interest benefit, you have a tax-free return. This boosts your profitability.

This type of debenture is issued when the company is carrying out an infrastructure project. This is a government incentive for investors to facilitate the company's fundraising.

Risk assessment (rating) and guarantees

Before investing in a debenture, you have to be aware of the rating. Rating is a kind of risk level in which the debenture is rated. The higher the rating number, the lower the risk. The lower the number, the riskier the investment.

Thus, profitability tends to be lower the higher the rating grade. When the grade is low, the debenture offers greater profit possibilities. So, if you are planning on investing in debentures, stay tuned. Check that the rating level is in line with your investor profile.

Some people are looking for more security and prefer a higher level. More daring investors, on the other hand, prefer risk for the opportunity for greater profits. What's your profile?

Some debentures offer an additional guarantee in the event of bankruptcy. These guarantees can be some property of the company, such as buildings, factories, land and others.

Floating guarantee: this guarantee gives priority to debenture holders in the event of the company's bankruptcy. Debenture holders have priority over shareholders. This guarantee can be realized through the company's assets.

Unsecured Warranty: this warranty is the most inexpressive, after all, it does not actually express a real warranty. In case of bankruptcy or composition, the debenture holder has no priority.

Subordinated guarantee: Subordinated debentures offer higher returns because they are the riskiest. In the event of bankruptcy, the shareholder has priority over the debenture holder.

Term and liquidity of a debenture

If you are looking for a long-term fixed income investment, debentures can be a great deal.

There are debentures with different maturities, but it is common to see 10-year maturities for redemption.

A disadvantage of debentures is low liquidity. You may even be able to sell your debenture before it expires, but you could end up losing money if it goes down in value. Full yield guarantee even only at the end. So be careful before investing in this modality.

How to invest in a debenture?

You can consult your investment broker. Today there are digital brokerages that make it much easier when investing.

If you want to find a debenture in issue, look for a way to get notified. Otherwise, it remains only to buy on the secondary market. Through your brokerage, you can find out information such as the form of income, maturity and type of guarantee.

 

Try to invest in a debenture as a form of portfolio diversification. After all, due to the risk involved, it is worth protecting your assets by allocating them to different types of assets.

You Can contact to John Labunski for Safe Investment, Investment Finder Investment Advice and Safe Retirement plan.

 

Increase Retail Sales: 4 Basic Tips

Increasing sales is probably the main objective of every company that exists in the world. The truth is that this is a need directly linked to the nature of capitalism, which is why so many businesses are aggressively positioning themselves in the market. For those companies whose audience is other companies (B2B), strategies happen much more in business meetings, conferences and closed-door meetings. But for those who work with retail, the strategies must be relevant enough for your message to stand out in the market.

If your company fits this last model, stay tuned for today's post. We have separated the 4 basic tips to increase retail sales . Read this text to the end and start applying them immediately.

Invest in a strong online presence to chat with your audience

A very important point to increase retail sales is to have a strong online presence. In other words, be present and active on all websites and social networks relevant to your audience. In practice, this means monitoring everything that happens in these virtual environments, creating messages that are part of the conversation and, in fact, interacting with your audience. This is a very strong and important tactic for any company that wants to increase its market relevance.

Ad with Google AdWords to increase retail sales

Google Adwords is a very important tool for anyone looking to increase retail sales . This is a tool that allows all kinds of ad customization. It is possible to direct your message to people in groups by age, interests, gender and even region who access the internet. With this type of ads it is possible to direct internet users directly to your ecommerce, or to a promotional page and invite them to your physical store.

 

Work your SEO strategy to be found more easily

 

SEO (Search Engine Optimization) is a set of tactics that improve the placement of your website on Google and other search engines. Basically they exist to show that your content is the most relevant within your market. Therefore, it is important to invest in texts with original content, in exchange for links and in making your site optimized. These measures can be simpler if you have help. And the most recommended is that you choose a digital marketing agency you trust.

Invest in inbound marketing to solve the public's concerns

Inbound marketing is directly linked to the other topics in this text. It is the union of all attraction tactics for your website. That is, ads on Google , presence on social networks and content production. At this point, it is very important to understand exactly what your customers' doubts and concerns are. That's because everything you are going to produce has to be thought of as a service to your consumers. That way, they will see your company as the one that understands the most about the subject at hand.

To increase retail sales it is important to make yourself available to your audience. That is, engage people on social media and your website, provide relevant content for them and, of course, be easily found. For that, a digital marketing agency is the best partner you can find.

 

Read also: Pharmaceutical Intermediates Manufacturer

 

Do you already adopt any of these strategies in your company? Tell us what you do to increase retail sales in the comments.

Abdul Rimaaz- 5 steps of installing security cameras by Abdul Rimaaz

 1. Assessment of critical points

 Before installing security cameras, it is necessary to check the most critical points in the home or business for theft, robbery or invasion. Walls, doors, windows and garage are the best known.

After the analysis is done, the customer is explained in which environments the cameras will make the difference, with detailed monitoring of everything that happens inside and outside the site, and the amount of equipment needed.

2. Choice of cameras

After analyzing the risk points of your company or house, it is time to choose which equipment will be monitored. What is the ideal model? What are the advantages? These are some of the questions that should be asked when purchasing the product and service.

Today, in the market, with advances in technology, security cameras have become more modern, featuring a variety of models that have, for example, TV circuit that allows you to see everything you need on your  smartphone , tablet or other mobile devices. happens in the environment where they are installed.

3. Cabling

 Security cameras are made up of cables that help in fixing the equipment, in the quality and in the power supply of the captured images. For this there is the route of cables, which is nothing more than the route that the cabling will take in the residence or company where the equipment is installed.

The power source for the images can be a computer,  television,  or other device. On the market there are two ways to wire the installation of security cameras:

Run the cables through the wall  - this item takes more time to complete, as it is necessary to open a hole in the wall to fix the cables. At the same time, this is one of the safest alternatives, without the risk of damage to the wire during monitoring.

Wireless security cameras  - new models do not need cables to make the installation of security cameras more practical and agile, without losing the quality of images and services offered.

4. Installation of cameras

 The fourth step is the time to attach the cameras to the support equipment. Here, care must be taken so that they are inserted correctly, as each camera has a different size and weight, which directly affects the support model for installation.

Therefore, the assembly manual must be strictly followed. In addition, cameras must be placed in locations previously analyzed as vulnerable. Then, just connect the cables and wires to the cameras and the power supply network.

5. Configuration and testing

 The last step in the security camera installation process is to configure your system and run tests to verify that they are working properly and that the images are clear.

It is recommended that the test be performed at least three times, once in each period of the day, as the images have different qualities depending on the amount of light.

Now that you know how to install security cameras, how about hiring a specialized service? Getstealth has trained professionals ready to increase the security of your home or business. Get in  touch  today and count on this safety device in your patrimony!

Posted By :  Abdul Rimaaz

Medical marketing: the waiting room

The waiting room is an excellent marketing tool for the doctor, often under-exploited.

In fact, marketing is not just about attracting new customers, but also about retaining, retaining and maximizing the satisfaction of existing patients . And this loyalty marketing is usually much more effective and less expensive .

But to understand what marketing a doctor can do in the waiting room, one must first understand the patient's journey .

The patient journey and medical marketing

When the patient goes to the doctor, he makes a journey : for example, he drives to your office, parks, checks in, sits in the waiting room, does the medical examination, check-out, receives instructions for follow up, visit home, note the next visit, and so on

At each stage of this process, he receives information and forms opinions and feelings which, together with the actual medical examination, contribute to defining the opinion he has of your doctor's office.

There are 1000 reasons why a patient may decide to leave a doctor's office and often they do not have to do with the medical service itself: inconvenient reception hours, inability to pay by credit card, long waits, unfriendly staff ...

Good medical marketing starts from understanding the patient journey and the needs and sensations he feels in each phase, identifying any critical issues; and develops marketing tools aimed at optimizing each phase.

Medical and staff marketing in the waiting room

In the waiting room, we usually find one or more study assistants , often "multi-task": they take care of reception, acceptance, checkout, assistance to the doctor ...

They are the first image of your doctor's office and, with their behavior, they help define it; therefore their importance, also from a marketing point of view, is very high.

But what detects and impacts on the customer is not only their operational efficiency (speed, precision, clarity ...), but also 2 other aspects:

First, their interpersonal skills . In fact, the patient may be tense, or have doubts, or be irritated by a long wait… The ability of staff to understand these situations and to intervene in an appropriate and personalized way is vital. But, even in the absence of particular problems, the ability to make people feel relaxed and at ease contributes not a little to the overall satisfaction of the patient.

Furthermore, their promotional capacity is also important : in fact your patient is already "open" and available to the activity of your practice and therefore it is easier to communicate certain information: for example, the introduction of new treatments or promotions. But in an intelligent, personalized and not pressing way.

Clearly, all of this requires careful training and motivation .

 

Effective medical marketing also rests on the efficiency, relational and promotional capacity of the staff in the waiting room, who must therefore be trained and motivated.

Medical marketing and information in the waiting room

A long wait is detrimental, but a reasonable wait is an excellent marketing opportunity for the doctor: brochures, videos, posters… are occasions to convey relevant information.

 

However, it must not be intrusive, commercial and pressing advertising, because it would be ineffective, annoying and, perhaps, counterproductive. Therefore, you need to create valuable content for the patient . Explanations, clarifications, reassurances on the pathologies treated and on the ways to treat them are what patients look for most often (even on inappropriate channels). Creating quality and engaging content in this sense is rewarding and consistent with professional ethics. The more properly promotional message can arrive in the queue, discreetly. It will thus be more effective.

Good medical marketing uses the waiting room to convey valuable content for the patient, without excessive pressure or too "commercial" methods

Medical and environmental marketing in the waiting room

The waiting room (and, in general, the entire studio environment) communicates who you are! Therefore, it is important to set it up carefully .

It seems obvious, but it has often happened to me to see private medical practices (even expensive ones) with a decidedly… ASL face! A sadness that makes you want to run away and does not make the experience very pleasant. In certain areas of medicine, this adds to the normal apprehension that accompanies a medical examination.

 

Bright, carefully furnished, clean rooms, comfortable chairs and perhaps fresh flowers or background music, interesting and recent magazines… have a profound impact on patients and help to create a positive image of the practice.

Technology can also help in the waiting room (eg: free wi-fi, apps to book or search for information) and, in general, throughout the patient journey (eg: SMS to remind you of the appointment or post- visit), to the extent that they facilitate or make the journey more pleasant or effective, or solve problems.

Careful medical marketing also includes great attention to the environment, even in the waiting room which, together with the staff, is the first business card of the practice

 

Summing up…

It dedicates resources and energy to retain existing customers, starting from the analysis of the patient path and developing a marketing aimed at optimizing each phase, not only in the medical aspects.

From this point of view, what happens in the waiting room is very relevant; therefore, it pays a lot of attention to the training and motivation of room staff, to the creation of valuable information materials for the patient and to the provision of a welcoming environment.

 

The return on this investment will always be positive! .

How to remotely manage customers with the CMR

Does the CMR allow you to manage customers efficiently? Discover all the advantages and take a look on to know our offer.

With a CMR , keeping in touch with your customers (even and above all remotely) is very simple. And it is important, for the management of your business and for gaining and maintaining their trust.

The use of CMRs grew exponentially during the pandemic , as offices closed and the need to stay in touch remotely became more pressing. With its customers, of course, but also with its employees. Because smart working, especially for companies not used to doing it, has some critical issues that must be solved to ensure the full operation of your business. But let's find out together how to manage customers efficiently through CRM software.

How to manage customers remotely

Let's start by looking at what a CMR is . Acronym of Customer Relationship Management , more than a software it is a business and marketing strategy that helps companies to find new customers and manage / retain those already acquired. How? Through marketing operations: sending emails, SMS, coupons. All this in an automated form.

However, to manage customers remotely efficiently, it is not enough to buy a CMR: it is also necessary to relate to users correctly, and to plan email and SMS marketing initiatives in order to be incisive but not pressing. How? Following some useful advice.

Be transparent with them

To sell your products / services you must win the trust of your customers : a fundamental aspect, especially if you manage them remotely. Always be transparent : through social media and the company blog it tells about you and your company, illustrates your plans for the months to come. Should any changes occur, keep those who follow you informed (perhaps through the newsletter). Don't see CMR just as a sales tool, but as a way to strengthen relationships.

Personalize communications

Being transparent with your customers is just the beginning: no communication will ever be completely effective if you don't personalize it. And if the customer does not have the perception that that email or that SMS are directed "only" to him. Just adding a name, and taking the time to personalize a customer's experience, leads to greater loyalty in the long run.

Use active listening

A very common complaint among consumers is that salespeople talk too much and listen too little. That is why, reversing the course is essential. And it is essential to practice the so-called " active listening ". If you don't have a telephone contact with them, you can use emails and feedback. Through the CMR, send a customer satisfaction email after their visit to the store or a purchase on the site: ask them to fill out a short online questionnaire , so as to understand what you should improve. Or invite them to leave feedback, on the website or Facebook page.

Use digital tools to implement your organization

According to a study conducted by Harvard University, increasing retention by 5% translates into more than 25% sales growth. With a CMR, the increase can be up to 27% . Why? Because the CMR allows you to organize the management of customer data, their habits and communications between you. This way, you can guarantee each customer the best shopping experience, while keeping up with changes in their habits.

Why choose the Us for CMR

The Our CMR Development Contacts helps you manage your customers remotely, in an intuitive and efficient way. Having a single management system, with an address book always included, you can easily segment your customers so as to send them targeted communications, in line with the purchasing habits of the individual groups.

In addition to the address book, you can buy three different modules:

·        e-mail

·        SMS

·        coupon

The email software allows you to plan unlimited email marketing campaigns, to the entire address book or to a specific mailing list, with predefined templates or personalized messages.

The SMS software allows you to contact your customers through SMS marketing operations, and therefore to send them promotional SMS .

The coupon software allows you to create unlimited couponing campaigns, with discounts or timed promotions and with the ability to send them via email or SMS.

Economical and easy to use, Our CMR is the most intuitive solution to manage your customers digitally.

Education To Become The Abroad Teacher

Five years of studies await students who intend to teach. Only the last two years are professional: they prepare for the competitive examination and for the exercise of the profession.

To become a teacher, the first step is to  obtain a license. All disciplines are possible, the best being to focus on a subject taught in primary or secondary (letters, mathematics, history-geography, languages, sciences, etc.).  

From the bachelor's degree, courses or options to prepare for teaching professions are generally offered to students who wish to embark on this path.

The second step will consist of registering for a MEEF master's degree (teaching, education and training professions) , which includes several mentions: first degree (school teacher), second degree (secondary school teacher), supervision educational (principal educational adviser). The various competitions to which students have access make it possible to teach in the first degree (nursery and primary schools) or in the secondary (colleges and high schools), in the public or in the private sector.   

The first year of the MEEF master's degree is mainly focused on preparing for the recruitment competition , which takes place at the end of the year *, but those admitted will still have to validate the second year, because obtaining the diploma is essential for exercise the profession. 

The MEEF masters are organized by the INSPE   (Higher National Institutes of Teaching and Education) within universities .

Note that Catholic institutes also offer MEEF masters in partnership, which is ideal when considering a career as a private teacher.

 

On the program of all these competitions: two written admissibility tests (French and mathematics) and two oral tests  (a professional situation and an interview). 

 

From the start of the 2020 school year, a third oral test will be added to the competition: foreign language (to be chosen from German, English, Spanish and Italian).

 

If all goes well for the student (that is to say if he is admitted to the competition and has obtained his M1), he continues his studies in the second year of MEEF. If the student fails M1 but succeeds in the competition, he / she retains the benefit of the competition for one year.

 

In the event of failure of the competition, the student has the possibility of retaking it or can consider a reorientation in another master (at M1 or M2 level, depending on whether or not he has passed his exams).

 

The second year of the MEEF master's degree is considered as a work-study year: the students become civil servant interns and follow courses at the ESPE, while carrying out an internship in responsibility equivalent to half-time in front of the students. During this period, trainee teachers are paid between 1,795 euros and 2,076 euros gross per month.    

 

* Attention, reform: from 2022, the competition will take place at the end of M2 and no longer of M1

 

School teacher: with children from 2 to 11 years old

 

The PERC (competition recruitment school teachers)  allows to teach in  the nursery and primary schools,  at a rate of 24 hours of weekly attendance to students and 108 annual hours of team work, of pedagogical and complementary activities participation in the school council. In 2019, out of the 28,618 candidates present for the tests, 14,874 were eligible and 10,600 admitted for the 9,636 positions offered in the external competition (including more than 3,190 for the academies of Créteil and Versailles alone).  

 

Certified teacher: college and high school

 

The CAPES  (certificate of aptitude for secondary education teaching staff),  the key  to teaching in high school or public college , concerns around thirty disciplines: German, English, Spanish, history-geography, literature, philosophy, economic and social sciences , etc.

 

Note: some subjects attract fewer candidates than others, so not all positions are filled. This is the case for mathematics, classical letters and German.

 

At the 2019 session of the external competition, 5,460 positions were open at CAPES and only 4,928 candidates were admitted.

Read Here for ESL Job Stations

The equivalent of CAPES in the private sector is  CAFEP (certificate of aptitude for teaching duties in private educational establishments)  : 12,228 candidates were registered in 2019 for 1,172 positions offered.

The other competitions for certified teachers in the public are:

 

-  the CAPEPS  (Certificate of Fitness professorship of Physical Education and Sports), which is aimed at holders STAPS license and leads to the profession of  teacher of physical education and sport  (650 posts in 2019)

 

-  the CAPET  (certificate of aptitude for the teaching staff of technical education), which allows teaching in one of the disciplines offered for the competition,  such as industrial sciences of engineering, economics and management or even aesthetics-cosmetics (770 positions offered in 2019 for 6,369 registrants)

 

-  the CAPLP  (Certificate of aptitude for professional high school teaching), which opens the doors of  professional establishments  to teach - depending on the competition passed - literature and history-geography, mechanical engineering, applied arts, etc. (1.435 positions offered in 2019 and 1,250 admitted).

Associate professor: after a validated master

Aggregation allows teaching in high schools and higher education  (preparatory classes, BTS, university). To pass it, you must have already  obtained the master's degree  (unlike other teaching competitions).

 

Once this diploma is in hand,  a year of preparation is added in an INSPE  or within an  ENS  (École Normale Supérieure), in   Lyon ,  Paris ,  Paris-Saclay  or  Rennes .

The associate professor provides 15 hours of weekly lessons for literary, scientific or technical subjects (17 hours for physical and sports education), but his work is of course not limited to his presence in class. In 2019, 8,901 candidates took the aggregation tests (1,555 positions were open and there were only 1,439 admitted).

Professor and doctor: the highest grade

The doctorate (bac + 8 minimum) is the prerequisite for a career as a teacher-researcher at the university.  It is obtained by defending a  research thesis . Please note,  the doctorate is not a competition, but a diploma.  This is the reason why the doctorate does not guarantee educational opportunities. Some doctoral students go into the private sector to do business research.

To teach in higher education, it is necessary to obtain  the qualification for the functions of lecturer or university professor  (for the latter, it is also necessary to have obtained  an HDR [Habilitation to Direct Research]), then apply to an establishment and pass a selection, which depends on the number of open positions each year.